爱德华三世.ppt

The innovative king of England ---Edward III （1312—1377） Succession In 1327，his mother Isabella （伊莎贝拉）and her lover Earl of Roger Mortimer（罗杰.莫蒂默伯爵） cooperated to depose（罢免） and killed Edward II，than become the virtual （实质的）ruler of England. In February 1327，with the help of Walter Reynolds [Edward III’s minion（宠臣）]，He was crowned as king of England .But he had no true power. However，in 1330，his power had increased a lot，became the powerful king of England. Achievements Economy Politics Religion Military Economy In his reign（统治）, the metallurgical mining industry（冶金采矿业）, agriculture and animal husbandry （农业和畜牧业）has been developing rapidly. At the same time, he also developed the national industry －the wool textile industry（呢绒纺织工业）: 1, Introduced skilled woolen craftsman（呢绒匠师）; 2, Monopolized business of wool to forbid the export of privately in wool（垄断经营羊毛，禁止出口）, strengthen the tariff collection（加强关税征收）; 3, Developed in city and countryside at the same time . Politics Improving the Parliament system(议会制度): to raise war money, he needed the help of parliament, and therefore increases the parliamentary power.After Edward Ⅲ, the English parliament became permanent（永久的） organization. Religion Control the Pope‘s rights. In 1351, enacted（颁布） the provisor law（圣职候补人法）, to prevent the Pope controled directly the Church of England. In 1353, forbade people appealed （上诉）to the court of church and pay the tithe（什一税）to the Pope (mainly for clergy salaries and church daily expenses, etc.) Military Created “Knights of the Garter”（嘉德骑士团）, developed a strong troops that combined with longbow infantry（长弓步兵）and cavalry （骑兵）, used kinds of armies in the wars, at one time (曾经一度)it was the most powerful troops. The Hundred Years War Time：1337-1453（116） Initiator（发起人）：Edward Ⅲ Reason： Fought for the French throne (he is the nephew of King Richard IV of France); Fought for the economic city Flanders（mainly processed the English wools） ; Fought for British territory in France