空间分析英文第4章.ppt

Chapter 4 Part A: Geometric related operations Length Area – vector datasets Polygon area in the plane Length Area – vector datasets Polyline length Distance formulas Plane Spherical Length Area – raster datasets Definition of areas and lines in grid models Membership functions Grid orientation Grid metrics Grid resolution – size, shape and attribute assignment Surface Area – TIN datasets Planimetric area, A Surface area, A Geometric related operations Surface Area – Raster datasets Grid model: average of 8 Triangular components Geometric related operations Surface Area: Unprojected vector datasets Terrestrial quadrangle Terrestrial polygon Great circles, Spherical triangles, Spherical excess and Azimuths Point weeding and line smoothing Centroids and centres 1a Polygons M3x = [max(x)-min(x)]/2 M3y = [max(y)-min(y)]/2 Centroids and centres 1b Polygons Centroids and centres 1c Polygons Maximum inscribed circle Minimum bounding circle Centroids and centres Point sets (weighted or unweighted) M6 (MAT point) – iteration formula Point (object) in polygon MBR screening Semi-line algorithm Standard cases Special cases Winding number (wn) algorithm Polygon decomposition Convex parts Triangulations Skeletonisation/medial axis transforms Object labelling Assignment of attributes Clipping/cookie cutters Polygon shape – alternative measures Dimensionless ‘global’ measures Perimeter2/Area ratio (P2A): Shape Index or Compactness ratio (C) Related bounding figure (RBF) Measures for point and line/network sets Layers overlay operations - vector Intersection/OR; Union/AND; Not/Difference; Exclusive OR/Symmetric difference OGC OpenGIS Simple Features Specification: Spatial Analysis Layers overlay operations - vector Layers overlay operations – vector Terminologies/operations often mentioned: Spatial join Slivers/sliver handling Clipping/cookie cutters Dissolving and merging Concatenation and conflation Transformation (attribute assign