第三章 英汉句式结构对比.ppt

话题主语：主谓结构与谓语的关系为表示与事、受事、工具、材料、时间、地点、方式等关系，翻译时译为英语的状语。 与事主语：与事主语占句首，但不与句中某个具体成分发生关系，只在总体意义上与句子有关，具有某种参与意义。与事主语前大多有话题提示语如“关于”、“至于”、“说到”、“讲到”等，翻译时，可加about ,as fo, as far as…concerned。如： 这套衣服妈妈有个故事。About the suit of clothes Mother has a story. 打老虎我有经验。I am much experienced in killing the tiger. 这本小说我读过一半。 As for this novel, I have read half of it. 教高年级的翻译课，他还不是很有经验。 As far as teaching translation to the senior students is concerned, he is not experienced yet. 婚姻的事，年轻人都自己做主了。As for the marriage, the young people would make their own decision. 有些与事话题主语可以处理为句子。 宝地，这就是宝地，这几年越来越多的人搬到这里来干什么？ What is the lucky place? Here it is, you see, why more and more people move to live here these years? 洋派作风，你只要看看他，说洋话，信洋教，吃洋饭。 What is the foreign style? Just look at him. He speaks foreign language, follows foreign religion and eats foreign meal. 受事主语：话题主语是小谓语的受事，句子处理方法有三类 1. 直接按英语的语序，将汉语的大主语译为英语的主位化前置的宾语。 说话的天赋，只有人类才有。The gift of speech man only has. 对外贸易，我们一定要采取有力措施进一步搞活。 The foreign trade, we should adopt effective measure to further enliven. 2. 将话题主语移到后面作宾语，选小主语作为英语主语。 老虎猎人打死了。The hunter has killed the tiger. 交通规则人人要遵守。 Everyone should observe the rules of the road . 别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道，真是个顺风耳呀！ You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families. You are really well informed. 3. 将汉语话题主语置于句首作英语的主语，即译为英语的被动句。 我军的素质、军政都要提高。 Both the military and political quality of our army must be raised. 这笔钱，在收据没有签字前你们绝对不能付。 The money absolutely must not be paid before the receipt has been signed. 责任制度，我们在条件成熟时就实行，条件不成熟时就不实行。 The system of job reasonability can be adopted where the conditions are ripe and not otherwise. 地点主语： 洗衣盆里堆着一大堆脏衣服。 There were heaped dirty clothes in the washing tub. 全市到处都在兴建新工厂。 New factories are being built all over the city. 门口站着两个卫兵，严峻冷漠。 Two guards ,cold and aloof, stand beside in front of the gate. 天上挂着一轮明月。 A bright round moon hangs in the sky. 方式主语：一步一步，慢慢地，他们终于登上了山顶。Gradually ,step by step, they climbed to the top of mountai