维多利亚简介_英文.ppt

profiles Queen Victoria?was the monarch(君主) of the?United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland?from 20 June 1837 until her death. From 1 May 1876, she used the additional title of?Empress of India.Victoria was the daughter of?Prince Edward, the fourth son of?King George III. Both the Duke of Kent and the King died in 1820, and Victoria was raised under close supervision(监督) by her mother?Princess Victoria . She inherited the throne(宝座) at the age of 18 after her fathers three elder brothers died without surviving legitimate(合法的) issue. The United Kingdom was already an established?constitutional monarchy(君主立宪制), in which the Sovereign(君主) held relatively few direct political powers. Privately, she attempted to influence government policy and ministerial appointments(任命). Publicly, she became a national icon and was identified with strict standards of personal morality(道德). She married her first cousin,?Prince Albert in 1840. Their nine children and 26 of?their 34 grandchildren who married into royal and noble families across the continent, earning her the nickname the grandmother of Europe. After Alberts death in 1861, Victoria plunged(暴跌) into deep mourning (哀悼)and avoided public appearances. As a result of her seclusion(隐居),?republicanism(共和主义)?temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign(当政) , her popularity recovered. Her?Golden?and Diamond Jubilees(周年纪念) were times of public celebration. Her reign of 63 years and 7 months, which is?longer than that of any other British monarch?and the?longest of any female monarch in history, is known as the?Victorian era. It was a period of industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military change within the United Kingdom, and was marked by a great expansion of the?British Empire. She was the last?British monarch?of the?House of Hanover(汉诺威王朝); her son and successor(继承人)?Edward VII?belonged to the?House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha(萨克森-科堡哥达王朝). Birth and family Victorias father was?Prince Edward,the