综合英语BookIII_Unit7.ppt

Unit 7On Not Answering the Telephone Background knowledge The Author: William Plomer (1903-1973), South African writer born of English parents. His works include novels, short stories, poems and biographies, but he is best known for his short stories. Four types of the text Description(描述) is painting a picture in words of a person, place, object, or scene. Narration (记叙)writing includes stories , real or imaginary, biographies, histories, new items, and narrative poems. Exposition(说明) is perhaps the type of writing that is more frequently used by a student, a scientist, or a professional, exposition means expounding or explaining. Argumentation(议论) essay tries to make the reader agree with its point of view and support it, to persuade him to change his mind or behavior, and to approve a policy or a course of action that it proposes. Type of Reading One Apart from a debatable point, sufficient evidence, clear logic and good use of the other three types of writing---description, narration, and especially the various method of exposition are also indispensable for a well-written argumentative essay. Argumentation frequently makes use of the other three types of writing---description, narration, and above all exposition, for argumentation and exposition are very closely related. Type of Reading One It is obvious that good logic is even more important to argumentation than any other types of writing. There are generally two ways of reasoning: (a) Inductive reasoning When you use induction, you start with facts and proceed from facts to a general conclusion. In other words, you move from specific examples to a general statement. Type of Reading One Here is an example of a syllogism: A. All human beings make mistakes. B. X is a human being. C. Therefore, X makes mistakes. From the above example we can see that the major premise m