成语、谚语、歇后语、俗语.ppt

1.习语翻译中的文化信息处理 从广义上讲，习惯用语通常包括成语（idioms）、短语（set phrases）、谚语（proverbs）、格言（sayings）、俗语（colloquialisms）、警句（epigrams）、名言录(quotations)、典故（allusions）、俚语（slang）、歇后语（two-part sayings）等。 一．习语具有较强的文化特征和民族特征。 在众多的习语中，我们发现，自然现象是人类认识世界的共同认知对象。 趁热打铁 to strike while the iron is hot; 浑水摸鱼 to fish in the troubled water; 如坐针毡 to sit on pins and needles。 英语习语 a thunder of applause 雷鸣般的掌声 at lightning speed 以迅雷不及掩耳之势 His eyes were raining tears. 他泪如雨下。 汉语习语：天壤之别 great difference as between heaven and earth (英语中类似的比喻是all difference in the world) 杞人忧天 to entertain groundless fears or unnecessary worries (英语中类似的比喻是 be more frightened than hurt) 水中捞月 to catch the moon in the water 或 to make an impractical attempt (英语中类似的比喻是 fish in the air; cry for the moon; plough the sands; a wild goose chase) “知人知面不知心” 杨宪益采用直译的方法，译成“You can know a man’s face but not his heart.” 霍克斯则采用意译的手法，将这一习语的内在意义直接译出来; “Appearances certainly are deceptive!” “胸有成竹”（Before an artist can draw a bamboo, he must have the image in his mind. 意为 To have a well-thought-out plan before doing something）；“雨后春笋”（To spring up like bamboo shoots after a spring rain. 意为 Of new things emerging rapidly in large numbers）； 二．习惯用语翻译中如何保证文化信息传递的有效度 由于英汉不同的民族文化背景，英汉习语各自行成了鲜明的形象特征，翻译时应力求达义传神、形神兼备。在实在不可能“形似”时要在“神似”的条件下，竭力用其他方法和手段表现出原喻体意之真谛，美之内涵。依据这一原则，可采用以下方法： 一. 保留原形象，以直译和异化为主 1．Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard. 俗话说，衣柜里面藏骷髅，见不得人的事家家有。 2．“谋事在人，成事在天。”咱们谋到了，靠菩萨的保佑，有些机会，也可未知。(《红楼梦》) Man proposes, heaven disposes. Work out a plan, trust to Buddha, and something may come of it for all you know. 3．他们愚弄过我们，我们要以其人之道还治其人之身。（茅盾，《子夜》） We will pay them back for the trick they played on us. 4. “君子动口不动手！”阿Q歪着头说。（《阿Q正传》） 译文A: “A gentleman uses his tongue but not his hands!” protested Ah Q, his head on one side. (杨宪益译) 译文B: “The superior man moves only his mouth and not his hand!” shouted Ah Q, with his head twisted to one side. (香港版本译文) 这件事，除了他三儿子和几个经手的人以外，谁也不知道。他也不对任何人提起。哑巴吃黄连，有苦说不出。（歇后语