英美概况二战后的美国外交政策Unit 14 Post-WWII American Foreign Policy.ppt

Unit 14 Post-WWII American Foreign Policy The Beginning of the Cold WarThe Arms Race The Soviet Union and the United States What’s the cold war? The Cold War (approx.1945-1991)is a continuing state of political and military tension between the powers of the western world , led by the United States and its NATO allies, and the communist world led by the Soviet Union, its satellite states and allies. Background and reasons 1differences in goals. The USA VS Soviet Union The two campus Situation The arms race The term arms race ,in its original usage, describes a competition between two or more parties for the best armed forces. Each party competes to produce larger numbers of weapons, greater armies, or superior military technology in a technological escalation . Nowadays, the term is commonly used to describe any competition where there is no absolute goal, only the relative goal of staying ahead of other competitors ,essentially the goal of proving to be better. Reasons In order to break the monopoly of atomic weapons. To increase ,improve the quantity and quality of military equipment. Examples of the Arms Race In 1949, the Soviet Union detonated its first atomic devices. In1952, the United States had its first test of the hydrogen bomb. In1953, the Soviet Union followed the United States’ step. In1957, the Soviet Union launched two sputniks into the orbit . By the 1980s, the two countries had more than 50000 nuclear weapons that could kill people in the word many times. In1982, Ronald Reagan initiated the Star Wars project. The effects of the Arms Race The Soviet Union was dragged down by the United States in economy. The United States ended the costly project. 1. The Containment Policy2. Engagement and Expansion The Containment Policy In 1948,President Truman put forward the Truman Doctrine which is generally regarded as the formal announcement of the implementation of containment. President Truman The US put into effec