英语语法(00英语语言简介).ppt

英 语 语 法 English Grammar by Prof. Dr. Liu Limin (刘利民) Tel. : ／ Email: LLMCC@ Warming up: What kind of language is English? Let’s begin from the family status of English. Language Families of the World Indo-European Sino-Tibetan Afro-Asian … (印欧语系) (汉藏语系) (非亚语系) The English language belongs to the Indo-European Language Family Subfamilies within Indo-European Family Indo-Eurpoean Language Family Germanic Romance Slavic Indo-Iranian … 日耳曼语族 拉丁语族 斯拉夫语族 印度伊朗语族 The English language belongs to the Germanic Language Subfamily. On what basis do we classify languages? The structure. Analytical languages (分析式语言) “I read books”（英） “我读书”（汉） Synthetic languages (综合式语言) （俄） “Я читаю книгу ” “книгу читаю Я” “читаю Я книгу” “книгу читаю ” 、、、、、、 Further classifications: Chinese: meaning-centered; (parataxis 意合语言) English: form-centered. (hypotaxis 形合语言) In English, therefore, the syntactic forms are of great importance. Of all the western languages, English is famous for having the smallest number of grammar rules, but is notorious for having so many exceptions. How did English come to be what it is? Let me show you two pairs of sentences: Pair I: Which one looks more familiar to you? Ich bin Student und Ich lerne Englisch in der Schule. Je suis étudient et j’apprend langlaire dans lécole. Pair II: Die Entwicklung des Wissenschafts ist schnell, besonders die Auskunftswissen- schaft. Le développement des sciences est rapide, particulierment le science dinformation. This is because: Father of English: German (the core structure) Mother of English: French (the vocabulary) As the result of the historical development of English. Before 449AD: Celtic （凯尔特人）under Roman dominance for about 400 years. Not much