英语高考考点3 阅读理解.doc

温馨提示： 高考题库为Word版，请按住Ctrl，滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，点击右上角的关闭按钮可返回目录。 【考点3】 阅读理解 （一）科普知识类(KP) Passage 1 [2009江苏,D] Have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall? What do you think caused this change in colour? It is soil that has been washed into the river from the riverbank or from te nearby fields． Components of SoSoil is made up of a number of layers（），each having its own distinctive colour and texture．The upper layer is known as the litter．It acts like a blanketlimiting temperature changes and reducing water loss．The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus（），which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour．This layer is usually rich in nutrients，oxygen，and water．Below the topsoil is the subsoil，a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter．This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus．Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock． Soil forms from the bottom up．Over time bedrock is attacked by rain, wind，frost, and snow．It is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering．Plants begin to grow，and rotten materials enrich the topsoil．Most of the soil in Eastern Canadafor example, was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared l2,000 years ago． Water Beneath the Soil Surface water collects and flows above the ground in lakesponds, and rivers．Once in the soil or rock，it is called groundwater．Gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation（）．Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table．Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate． As water percolates downward，it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers．This causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth. Soil pH Soil can be acidic, neutral or basic．The pH of the soil is determined by the na