蛔虫、鞭虫、蛲虫.ppt

毛首鞭形线虫Trichuris trichiura the human whipworm live in the caecum(盲肠)and upper part of the colon(结肠) morphology of adult Morpholoy of egg 生活史(life cycle) Pathogenecity Laboratory diagnosis Epidemiology, Prevention and control 蠕形住肠线虫Enterobius vermicularis 俗称蛲虫(pinworm) 寄生于回盲部 蛲虫病（enterobiasis) Adult Brief summary of life cycle Definitive host: human Site of inhabitation: cecum and colon Infective stage: infective egg Method of infection: by mouth ♀migrate to perianal region to lay eggs Life span of female adults: 1-2 months Typical symptom: perianal pruritus(肛周瘙痒) Laboratory diagnosis 晨查卵，夜捉虫 肛周查虫卵: anal swab (肛门拭子法) cellophanes tape method (透明胶纸法) 取材时间：清晨排便前 粪便或肛周检获成虫 取材时间：入睡1~3小时后 Epidemology 感染率特点： 城市高于农村; 儿童高于成人; 集聚儿童高于散居儿童。 感染具儿童群体聚集性和家庭聚集性 Epidemology 传播方式： 肛门-手-口直接感染； 间接接触感染和吸入感染； 逆行感染。 Prevention and treatment 驱虫治疗，防止再感染 易治难防 ! 治疗药物: 阿苯哒唑、甲苯咪唑 Prevention and treatment 普及预防蛲虫的知识，讲究卫生 个人卫生习惯；定期烫洗和清洗玩具、被褥等。 ※ 非常重要提示！！ 星期五实验课每班至少带粪便1份（鸡蛋大小），多带不限。 预习内容 钩虫、旋毛虫 pathogenicity Ectopic parasitism: pathogenicity * 似蚓蛔线虫Ascaris lumbricoides Ascarid/bellyworm/roundworm(蛔虫） 蛔虫病（ascariasis) adults lips(唇瓣) spicule (交合刺) 50 μm albuminoid coat(蛋白质外膜) thick eggshell vitteline layer(受精膜) chitinous layer(壳质层) ascaroside（蛔甙层） fertilised egg(受精卵) unfertilised egg(未受精卵) decorticated egg(脱蛋白膜卵) 多细胞卵 含幼虫卵 Brief summary of life cycle simple life cycle/direct life cycle final host：human inhabited site：small intestine infective stage：infective egg route of infection ：by ingestion egg passed in feces liver lung migration pathogenecity 蛔虫病（ascariasis?） larva; adult 并发症(complication) Laboratory diagnosis Etilogical diagnosis found characteristic egg in feces 直接涂片法(direct saline smear) 浓集法(concentration) Laboratory diagnosis Adult in feces juveniles(幼虫) in sputum Epidemiology, Prevention and control Geographic distribution: worldwide Treatment patients, carriers Mebendazole（甲苯达唑） Albendazole（阿苯达唑） Good hygiene Direct life cycle final host：hu