韩非子思想的利与弊(英汉双语).pptx

姓名;法术势;道者、万物之始，是非之纪也。是以明君守始以知万物之源，治纪以知善败之端。故虚静以待，令名自命也，令事自定也。虚则知实之情，静则知动者正。有言者自为名，有事者自为形，形名参同，君乃无事焉，归之其情。 Tao is the beginning of the myriad things, the standard of right and wrong. That being so, the intelligent ruler, by holding to the beginning, knows the source of everything, and, by keeping to the standard, knows the origin of good and evil. Therefore, by virtue of resting empty and reposed, he waits for the course of nature to enforce itself so that all names will be defined of themselves and all affairs will be settled of themselves. Empty, he knows the essence of fullness; reposed, he becomes the corrector of motion. Who utters a word creates himself a name; who has an affair creates himself a form. Compare forms and names and see if they are identical. Then the ruler will find nothing to worry about as everything is reduced to its reality.;故曰：君无见其所欲，君见其所欲，臣自将雕琢；君无见其意，君见其意，臣将自表异。故曰：去好去恶，臣乃见素，去旧去智，臣乃自备。故有智而不以虑，使万物知其处；有行而不以贤，观臣下之所因；有勇而不以怒，使群臣尽其武。是故去智而有明，去贤而有功，去勇而有强。群臣守职，百官有常，因能而使之，是谓习常。 Hence the saying: The ruler must not reveal his wants. For, if he reveals his wants, the ministers will polish their manners accordingly. The ruler must not reveal his views. For, if he reveals his views, the ministers will display their hues differently. Hence another saying: If the like and hate of the ruler be concealed, the true hearts of the ministers will be revealed. If the experience and wisdom of the ruler be discarded, the ministers will take precautions. Accordingly, the ruler, wise as he is, should not bother but let everything find its proper place; worthy as he is, should not be self-assumed[ self-assumed but observe closely the ministers motivating factors of conduct; and, courageous as he is, should not be enraged but let every minister display his prowess[ prowess So, leave the rulers wisdom, then you will find the ministers intelligence; leave the rulers worthiness, then you will find the ministers merits; and leave the rulers courage, then you will find the m