颈静脉球瘤英文PPT.ppt

M 55Y Movement disorder of left face for 6 months. mastoid process（乳突） operation 5 years ago . T1＋c Outline GTJs are the most common tumors of the middle ear. GTJ Arises from the glomus bodies(球样小体) located within the ear, it affects the jugular foramen（颈静脉孔） on the temporal bone，and some leision violate the tympanum（鼓室）. These tumors are slow-growing and very vascular, with blood supply from the external carotid artery(颈外动脉) and internal carotid artery（颈内动脉）. These tumors are most common in women. These tumors are nearly always benign. The causes of GJT are not entirely understood, but genetic factors are suspected. Clinical symptoms Symptoms may include: Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)(吞咽困难) Dizziness（头晕） Hearing problems or loss Hearing pulsations in the ear（搏动性耳鸣） Hoarseness（声音嘶哑） Pain Weakness or loss of movement in the face (facial nerve palsy) 麻痹 Pathological appearance GJTs arise from the paraganglion cell(副神经节细胞) of the outer membrane of Glomus Jugulare,most are nonchromaffin(非嗜铬性）. GJTs have rich network of blood vessels and blood sinus(血窦). Epithelial-like cells are the chief cells of the tumor, and have the secretory function or potential secretory function. Diagnosis（CT） The lesions arise from jugular foramen and extend into the adjacent structures.The lesions cause the enlargement of the jugulare foramen with adjacent mouth-eaten（虫蚀状） or irregular bone destruction. Eventually as the tumour enlarges the jugular spine is eroded and the mass extends into the middle ear, as well as inferiorly into the infratemporal fossa（颞下窝）. The lesions appare as a isodensity mass compared with brain tissue,and the lesion appears homogeous enhancement. CTA Diagnosis（MRI） T1WI: tumors appear hypointense or isointense signal compare with the gray matter. T2WI: tumors appear hyperintense signal . T1＋c： tumors appear marked nonhomogeneous enhancement. Salt and pepper pattern ：the salt representing blood products from haemorrhage or slow flow and the pepp