马文蔚,英语讲课ppt,10-Base of Quantum theory(2009V1).ppt

3. Einstein Photoelectron Theory (in 1905) Einstein extended Planck’s concept of quantization to electromagnetic waves. He assumed that light of frequency ? can be considered to be a stream of quanta which is called photons. Each of the photons has an energy E given by the following equations : E=h? Each photon moves with a velocity C . Einstein Photoelectric Equation the initial kinetic energy the escape work of the meta Dependence of ejection of electrons on light frequency The cutoff frequency is Dependence of photoelectron kinetic energy on light frequency. v 0 CS K CU Einstein received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect. §3 Compton Effect American physicist Compton (A.H. Compton, 1892-1962) started to research X ray(10-10m) at himself youth. 1896, Roentgen He discovered in experiment that, after through the graphite the wavelength of some scattered waves doesn’t change, and the wavelength of another scattered waves increases, the increment of wavelength increases with the increase of scattering angle. This is called Compton effect . After exploration for many years he published the article in May 1923, which claims that experimental phenomenon could be explained only by use of the quantum theory. X-ray source diaphragm Carbon target ? Ionization chamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (a) (b) (c) (d) ? 0.700 0.750 1.Two peaks: ?0 ? X-ray Y X Y X If the electron collided with the photon is in external layer of atom, since the bound action to the electron in external layer is weaker, the electron may be considered as a free electron. So the momentum of the photon is changed after the collision, namely the wavelength of light is increased. But if the electron is i