高中情态动词总结.docVIP

语法：情态动词 一、can, may, must 根据意思与习惯用法，我们可以把can, may, must 分成以下两组用法，方便学习与掌握。 1．第一组用法见下表（主要在初中的时候我们所掌握的）： 词义肯定否定疑问过去式 can 能、会can can’t Can...? could may 可以may mustn’t/may not May...? might must 必须must needn’t Must...? must/have to A) can a) can 的肯定、否定、疑问及过去式的例句： eg. Computers can do a lot of things for us. Money cannot buy everything. Can you speak French? I could run very fast when I was young. b) can 与be able to can 与be able to 的意思相近，经常可以互换使用。 但在用过去式的时候，could 与was able to 的意思不同。 试比较： Einstein was able to flee Germany when Hitler came into power.(侧重经过努力而成功做到谋事) I could pass the examination, but I was too careless.(表示能力) c) could 在疑问句时用意表示请求，意义同can，是一种比较客气的表达方式。 B) may a) may 的肯定、否定、疑问及过去式的例句： eg. You may choose anyone here you like. —May I leave now? —Yes, of course/Sure. Go ahead. —No, you mustn’t. （注：口语中也能用cannot。） I was told that the boss might come to the office before 9. b)mustn’t 与may not You mustn’t leave the bike here.(禁止) The sign on the wall reads, “Visitors may not feed the animals in the zoo.” c) may 可放在句首，表示“祝愿”。May you succeed! d) might 有时用在疑问句中，只是一种比may 更客气一点，而非过去式。 C) must a) must 的肯定、否定、疑问及过去式的例句： eg. Everyone must obey the rules. —Must I finish the work today? —Yes, you must. —No, you needn’t/don’t have to. He told me he must/had to see a doctor tomorrow morning. b) must 与have to 2．第二组用法见下表：(表示推测) 词义肯定否定疑问过去式进行式 can 可能/一定/ cannot Can...? can’t have done can’t be doing may 可能may may not / may have done may be doing must 一定must / / must have done must be doing a) can, may, must 的第二种用法，是用来表示说话人的一种推测。 现在时举例： —Can Tom be in the classroom? —Yes, he must be there. 或—Yes, he may be there, but I’m not quite sure. 或—No, he can’t be there, because he hasn’t come to school today. 过去时举例：(表示对过去的推测用情态动词+完成式) I must have been asleep. I didn’t hear your footsteps. David became angry at the meeting. He may have misunderstood what I meant. James can’t have forgotten the examination yesterday. There must have been something wrong with him, I believe. b)表示可能性的否定句中有时也可用may，