耕作土壤非交换性钾有效性研究.docVIP

耕作土壤非交换性钾有效性的研究 邢世和 周碧青 祝金虹 张美寿 （福建农业大学土地与环境学系，福州 350002） 摘要 采用2种化学连续提取法及连续耗钾实验，研究了几种耕作土壤非交换性钾释放特性及有效性。结果表明，供试土壤非交换性钾释放特性和有效性与粘土矿物密切相关。富含伊利石的土壤非交换性钾的释放量大，速率快，有效性高；黑麦草吸收该土壤的非交换性钾量及总吸钾量高，生物量大。而富含高岭石或蒙脱石的土壤非交换性钾有效性明显较低；非交换性钾的释放量和速率、黑麦草吸收该土壤的非交换性钾量、总吸钾量及生物量的均值分别仅为富含伊利石土壤的46.96%、45.50%、41.65%、43.90%和67.52%。供试土壤耗竭前期非交换性钾有效性高，供钾量大；黑麦草生长良好，生物量大。 关键词 非交换性钾；释放量；释放速率；有效性 Study on the Availability of Nonexchangeable Potassium in Cultivated Soils. Xing Shihe, Zhou Biqing, Zhu Jinhong and Zhang Meishou (Department of Land Environmental Science, Fujian Agricultural University, Fuzhou 350002). Soil Environ Sci, 1999, 8(2): 117~120 The releasing characteristics and availability of nonexchangeable K in cultivated soils were studied by two chemical successive extraction and pot exhaustion. The results showed that the releasing characteristics and availability of nonexchangeable K related remarkably to clay minerals. The releasing capacity, rate and availability of nonexchangeable K in soils with rich illite were much higher than those in others with rich kaolinite or montmorillonite, so that the amounts of nonexchangeable and total K absorbed by ryegrass and dry biomass in the soils were higher than those in others. The averages of release capacity and rate, amounts of nonexchangeable and total K absorbed by ryegrass and dry biomass in kaolinitic and montmorillonitic soils were 46.96％、45.50％、41.65％、43.90％ and 67.52％ of those in illitic soils. The availability of nonexchangeable K in the soils was much higher so that soil K supplied sufficiently, ryegrass grew well and the dry biomass were much higher during the earlier stage of exhaustion. Key words nonexchangeable K; release capacity; release rate; availability 交换性钾是作物直接吸收的钾素形态，但土壤中交换性钾的数量相当有限，且交换性与非交换性钾处于动态平衡。鲍士旦等的研究表明作物在生长期内吸收的钾有61.0％~80.1％来自层间钾[1]。Ganeshamurthy发现在连续种植的条件下，作物在整个生长期内吸收的钾远远超出土壤中交换性钾的含量[2]。显然，土壤交换性钾含量并不能全面反映土壤钾素的供给力，土壤非交换性钾是作物钾素的重要潜在给源。因此，研究土壤非交换性钾供给特性（包括供给量和速率），对于合理评价土壤实际供钾状况是十分重要的。为此，本文采用Ca2＋饱和土壤的2种化学连续