逆向进化：sars cov非自然起源之关键-徐德忠.docVIP

逆向进化：SARS CoV非自然起源之关键 徐德忠，张景霞，张磊，孙慧敏 （第四军医大学军事预防医学院军队流行病学教研室，陕西 西安710032） Reverse evolution: a key in the unnatural origin of SARS CoV XU De-Zhong,ZHANG Jing-Xia,ZHANG Lei,SUN Hui-Min Department of Epidemiology, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University Xian 710032, China 【Abstract】The unnatural origin of SARS CoV has been clarified in the former two articles with the unnatural evidences of clinical and epidemiological features and its unusual molecular evolution in SARS epidemic. This paper thoroughly elucidated the reverse evolution arising in SARS CoV phylogenesis, which is a key of analyzing its unnatural origin. The reverse evolution is defined as “the evolution of regaining the ancestral state” and frequently occurs when the organisms suffer the changes of landscapes and environments which they could not adapt well to or even not survive in.There are some important reverse evolutions of SARS CoV as follows. (1) SARS CoV in Guangzhou outbreak from late 2003 to early 2004 shows a closer relationship with that at the early phase of SARS epidemic from November 2002 to July 2003 than that at the late phase, and there is a progressive slowing of the positive selection pressures to SARS CoV over time during the whole epidemic course. (2) Reverse evolution of some critical amino acids, especially 487 and 479, at the receptor banding site of SARS CoV and Bt-SLCoV and that of characteristic 29-nucleotide of SARS CoV and Bt-SLCoV in various hosts and at different phases are observed respectively. (3) The mutation occurs in ORF 1a nt.6295 in SARS CoV of 2003-2004 Guangzhou outbreak, leading to a stop codon in the nsp3 CDS (SUD) of the ORF 1a. Thus， some decreases of SUD function show retrieving of its genes and inadaptation of SARS CoV to the host of human population.Subsequently, SARS CoV experienced three situations. Firstly, because the time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) is only about 4.5 years before SARS broke out. SARS C