混凝土基本概念 专业英语概要1.ppt

*;*;*;*;The?primary?purpose?of?the?steel?reinforcement?is?to?carry? internal?tensile?forces.Reinforcement?is?therefore?placed?in? beams?near?the?tensile?face,i.e,near?the?lower?face?in?the? in span?regions?of?positive?moment?and?near?the?upper?face?in? regions?near?intemal?supports,where?negative?moments?act. This?is?illustrated?in?Fig.10.1,In?reinforced?concrete?design,it?is? important?to?provide?reinforcement?in?all?regions?of? potential cracking. ;Thus?a?rectangular?arrangement?of?vertical?and?horizontal? steel?bars?is?introduced?into?regions?of?a?beam?where? inclined?cracks?can?form?as?a?result?of?combined?shearing? action?and?bending?moment.The?longitudinal?steel,or?main? reinforcement,and?the?transverse?bars,called?stirrups,may? be?preassembled?into?a?reinforcing?cage?for?ease?of?construction.;In a floor slab , bars are usually laid in the two main span direction at right angles , to resist the tensile force produced by the bending actions in each direction. For ease of construction , welded mesh is frequently used as slab reinforcement .;Although steel reinforcement is used primarily to carry the internal tensile forces produced by external loading , it also has other uses . steel is much stronger than concrete in compression ,and it is sometimes used to boost to the resistance of zones of compression , when the overall dimensions of the member are restricted . longitudinal steel is placed in all compression members. ;In such members , bending is usually present in addition to axial compression and the longitudinal steel reinforcement at each face of the member may act either in tension or compression . transverse ties are used to maintain the longitudinal steel in position during casting of the concrete and later to prevent its outward buckling when it is subjected to compressive stress. Again , the reinforcing steel for the column may be preassembled into a cage .;Cracking in concrete may be caused not only by external loading ,but also by temperature gradi