单电子相对论时钟干涉仪_物理_自然科学_专业资料.docxVIP

Single electron relativistic clock interferometerPABushev1, JHCole2,DSholokhov1,NKukharchyk1 andMZych31 Experimentalphysik, Universit?t des Saarlandes, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany2 Chemical and Quantum Physics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia3 Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072,AustraliaKeywords:quantummechanics, classical general relativity, quantum state engineering and mesurements, single trapped electron, waveguides, transmission linesAbstractAlthough time is one of the fundamental notions in physics, it does not have a unique description. In quantum theory time is a parameter ordering the succession of the probability amplitudes of a quantum system, while according to relativity theory each system experiences in general a different proper time, depending on the system?s world line, due to time dilation.It is therefore of fundamental interest to test the notion of time in the regime where both quantum and relativistic effects play a role, for example, when different amplitudes of a single quantum clock experience different magnitudes of time dilation. Here we propose a realization of such an experiment with a single electron in a Penning trap. The clock can be implemented in the electronic spin precession and its time dilation then depends on the radial (cyclotron) state of the electron.Weshow that coherent manipulation and detection of the electron can be achieved already with present day technology. Asingle electron in a Penning trap is a technologically ready platform where the notion of time can be probed in a hitherto untested regime, where it requires a relativistic as well as quantum description.IntroductionOne of the most intriguing features of general relativity (GR) is that time is not absolute but can flow differently for different observers [1]. The physical significance of this essential principle was still widely debated in