核衰变的类型.PPT

本章目的要求 一、掌握：原子核物理学相关的基础知识 二、熟悉：核医学常用的放射性活度及辐射　　　　　　　　　剂量单位。 三、了解：原子结构、核结构、原子核反应。 复习思考题、作业题 1．某元素的原子核外有3个电子层，最外层有5个电子，该原子核内的质子数为（ ） A、14 B、15 C、16 D、17 2．某元素的原子核外有三个电子层，M层的电子数是L层电子数的1/2，则该元素的原子是（ ） A、Li B、Si C、Al D、K 3．两种元素原子的核外电子层数之比与它们的最外层电子数之比相等，在周期表的前10号元素中，满足上述关系的元素共有（ ） A、1对 B、2对 C、3对 D、4对 4. 放射性核素、放射性活度、元素、核素、同位素、同质异能素、电离、激发、湮灭辐射、光电效应、康普顿效应、剂量当量、照射量、吸收剂量的定义。 5. 核衰变的方式？ ? SPECT/CT, PET/CT imaging (1)Diagnose diseases such as cancer, neurological disorders(e.g.Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases), and cardiovascular disease in their initial stages through use of imaging devices including PET/CT(positron emission tomography/computed tomography)and SPECT/CT(single photon emission computed tomography /computed tomography). (2)Provide molecularly targeted treatment of cancer，and certain endocrine disorders (including thyroid diseases and neuroendocrine tumors). (3)Non-invasively assess a patient’s response to therapies，reducing the patient’s exposure to the toxicity of ineffective treatments，and allowing alternative treatments to be started earlier. And basic science research, utilizing nanoparticl binding radioisotope targeted imaging and treatment tumor. * imaging exam include X-Ray/CT, Ultrasound, MRI and PET. with using of different imaging agents, making image graphs more and more clear, undergo from organ anatomy structure imaging to functional imaging development. * * 分子是保持物质化学性质的基本结构，原子是组成物质的基础，是任何化学方法不能再分解的最小单位；核物理则是研究原子核特征、结构及其变化的学科； * 激发态的原子核可表示为Amx，如。99mTc。处于激发态的核素都很不稳定，要释放过剩的能量而回到基态。 (1)Prior to shipping the generator to the Nuclear Medicine Department，99Mo sodium molybdate is immobilized on a column of alumina(Al2 O3，aluminum oxide)due to its very high affinity for alumina． (2)0.9%saline solution(the eluant)is passed through the column and sodium pertechnetate，the daughter of 99Mo decay. is eluted from the column due to its almost totallack of affinity for alumina． (3)The pertechnetate