细胞与分子生物学2.pdfVIP

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Signal transduction Aying Zhang Signal Transduction • “No man is an island” No cell lives in isolation Cell Tissue Organ Organism • Many biological processes require various cells to work together and to coordinate their activities. • To make this possible, cells have to communicate with each other, which is accomplished by a process called cell signaling transduction. Signal Transduction Cell signaling affects virtually every aspect of cell structure and function Cell growth Cell division Response to Stresses Apoptosis (Progra ed Cell death) Extracellular messenger molecules traveling Autocrine (a), paracrine (b), and endocrine (c) types of intercellular signaling Cell and Molecular Biology 7e Figure 15.1 Eliminate Degrade An overview of the major signaling pathways by which extracellular messenger molecules can elicit intracellular responses. Cell and Molecular Biology 7e Figure 15.2 Signal transduction This overall process in which information carried by extracellular messenger molecules is translated into changes that occur inside a cell is referred to as signal transduction. Extracellular Messengers Amino acids and amino acid derivatives.  Gases, such as NO and CO.  Steroids, which are derived from cholesterol. hormones Eicosanoids, which are nonpolar