（参考翻译）GJC-PD-for-psychology.pptVIP

Sydenham’s Chorea 西登哈姆氏舞蹈病 Most common cause of chorea in children Typical age is 8-9yrs with female preponderance 多数. 4-8 weeks after GABHS pharyngitis 溶血性链球菌性喉炎. 20 – 35% may have hemichorea 偏身舞蹈病. Hypotonia 肌张力减退, emotional lability 情绪不稳, ADHD 注意力不集中, tics 抽搐, OCD 强迫症 symptoms may accompany it. 60-80%pts have cardiac involvement 牵连. Sydenham’s chorea 西登哈姆氏舞蹈病 Self limited disorder 自限性疾病 with remission 缓解 within 6-9 months. Recurrence 复发 is reported in 20-50% of patients Inv: ASO titres 抗链球菌溶血素O滴度, throat culture 咽培养, cardiac examination 心脏检查. Treatment: Penicillin 青霉素 10~14 days for streptococcus 链球菌 infection. Steroidal 甾体 or non-steroidal anti-inflammation agents 非甾体类抗炎药 Sodium Valproate 丙戊酸钠, Carbamazepine 卡马西平, Pimozide 哌迷清. Rheumatic fever prophylaxis. 预防风湿热 Hyperkinetic Disorder 过度活跃症Tourette’s Syndrome 抽动秽语综合征 Three stages: Only multiple tics 多发性抽动症(twitches 抽搐 of the face, limbs 四肢 or the whole body) Inarticulate cries 口齿不清的呼喊（？） are added to multiple tics Emission of articulate words 表达吐词清晰的言语 with echolalia 模仿言语 – repeating what others have said or done – and coprolalia 秽语症– uttering of obscene words 发出淫秽的词语（骂脏话！）– are added in this stage Onset is typically 2-15 years of age Drugs that block dopamine (e.g., haloperidol 氟哌啶醇) ameliorate 改善 the disorder Hyperkinetic Disorder 过度活跃症Tardive Dyskinesia 迟发性运动障碍 Occurs in 20-40% of individuals who are long time (at least 3 months) users of conventional antipsychotics 常规抗精神病药 Conventional or classic antipsychotics (e.g., haloperidol 氟哌啶醇) block dopamine receptors Symptoms include: Chorea 舞蹈病 Tics 抽搐 Akathisia 静坐不能– compulsive 强迫的, hyperactive 极度活跃的, and fidgeting 坐立不安的 movements of the legs (静坐不能) Dystonia 肌张力障碍 Possible causes are supersensitivity 过敏 of dopamine neurons 多巴胺能神经元 after prolonged suppression 长时间压抑 Atypical antipsychotics 非典型抗精神病药物 are good at suppressing psychoses 抑制精神病 and they have fewer motor side effects Clinical correlations 相关 of basal ganglia lesions 损伤 Clinical syndromes Most common l