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Ramberg-Osgood relationship From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: HYPERLINK /wiki/Ramberg-Osgood_relationship \l column-one navigation, HYPERLINK /wiki/Ramberg-Osgood_relationship \l searchInput search The Ramberg-Osgood equation was created to describe the non linear relationship between HYPERLINK /wiki/Stress_(physics) \o Stress (physics) stress and HYPERLINK /wiki/Strain_(materials_science) \o Strain (materials science) strain—that is, the HYPERLINK /wiki/Stress-strain_curve \o Stress-strain curve stress-strain curve—in materials near their HYPERLINK /wiki/Yield_(engineering) \o Yield (engineering) yield points. It is especially useful for metals that harden with plastic deformation (see HYPERLINK /wiki/Work_hardening \o Work hardening strain hardening), showing a smooth elastic-plastic transition. In its original form, it says that , HYPERLINK /wiki/Ramberg-Osgood_relationship \l cite_note-paper-0 \o [1] where ε is HYPERLINK /wiki/Strain_(materials_science) \o Strain (materials science) strain, σ is HYPERLINK /wiki/Stress_(physics) \o Stress (physics) stress, E is HYPERLINK /wiki/Youngs_modulus \o Youngs modulus Youngs modulus, and K and n are constants that depend on the material being considered. The first term on the right side, , is equal to the elastic part of the strain, while the second term, , accounts for the plastic part, the parameters K and n describing the hardening behavior of the material. Introducing the yield strength of the material, σ0, and defining a new parameter, α, related to K as , it is convenient to rewrite the term on the extreme right side as follows: Replacing in the first expression, the Ramberg-Osgood equation can be written as [ HYPERLINK /w/index.php?title=Ramberg-Osgood_relationshipaction=editsection=1 \o Edit section: Hardening behavior and Yield offset edit] Hardening behavior and Yield offset In the last form of the Ramberg-Osgood model, the hardening behavior of the material depends on the material