塔里木河下游胡杨和柽柳叶显微结构的生态适应特征 李卫红1 庄丽2 .doc

塔里木河下游胡杨和柽柳叶显微结构的生态适应特征 李卫红1 庄丽2* 远方2 公维昌2 田中平2 （中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，乌鲁木齐 830011 石河子大学，石河子 832003）Ecological adaptation characteristics of Populus euphratica and Tamarix leaf microstructures in the lower reaches of Tarim River Li Wei-hong, Zhuang Li, Yuan Fang, Gong Wei-chang, Tian Zhong-ping（ Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; 2. Xinjiang shihezi university, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 830002）Abstract: In order to explore the ecological adaptation in leaf microstructure of Populus euphratica and Tamarix at the lower reaches of Tarim River, we used scanning electron microscopy to observe epidermal, cuticular and cross-sectional structure of P. euphratica and Tamarix leaves. In addition, their cell submicroscopic structures were studied with transmission electron microscopy. The result revealed that through long-term adaptation to the same environmental conditions, micro-structural of the leaves for the two species exhibit high degree of homoplasy: There is cavity between cuticle and epidermal, and cuticle bulges outwards to form processus mammillaris and epidermal hairs; stomata concaves; fence and vascular tissues are developed; both alisade cells and thin-walled cells have chloroplast; vacuoles occupies large volume of the cell space; etc. These features help plants resist drought stress. The salt glands and salt crystallization of Tamarix reveals the strong ability of salt stress resistance, but its drought resistance capacity is weaker than P. euphratica. The specific components of the various shape of crystal structures in their leaves call for further study. Key words: lower reaches of Tarim River; Populus; Tamarix; microstructure; ecological adaptation 植物组织和细胞结构与其抗旱性是密切相关的。具有一定抗旱性的植物一般具有与其抗旱水平相适应的形态结构，抗旱性极强的旱生植物常常形成与逆境相适应的特殊的叶形态解剖结构和功能。植物形态结构与抗旱性关系的研究已有许多报道[1-4]。张红霞[5]和崔秀萍[6]等曾对植物的组织和细胞结构在抗水分胁迫方面所起的作用作过评述，对塔里木河下游极端水分胁迫条件下乔木和灌木建群种植物胡杨和柽柳叶片显微和亚显微结构的研究尚未见报道。 胡杨是具有极强抗旱性的多年生乔木树种。对胡杨进行研究发现：胡杨虽然具有很强的抗旱性，但并不喜旱，在水