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A Common Cold Virus, Rhinovirus 16, Potentiates Airway Inflammation after Segmental Antigen Bronchoprovocation in Allergic Subjects William J. Calhoun,* Elliot C. Dick,* Lawrence B. Schwartz,5 and William W. Bussell IlDepartment ofMedicine, Section ofAllergy Clinical Immunology and *Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; *Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; and the Division ofRheumatology, Allergy Immunology, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23298 Abstract and may persist considerably longer than the clinical signs and symptoms of fever, nasal congestion, and rhinorrhea (2, 3). Many patients with asthma have increased wheezing with Recent observations have confirmed that rhinoviruses are the colds. We hypothesized that rhinovirus colds might increase most common infectious exacerbants in adult patients, and that asthma by augmenting airway allergic responses (histamine these agents are commonly associated with significant reduc- release and eosinophil influx) after antigen challenge. Seven tions in peak expiratory flow rates (4). In addition, Duff and allergic rhinitis patients and five normal volunteers were colleagues (5) have convincingly shown that both atopy and infected with rhinovirus type 16 (RV16) and evaluated by viral infections are risk factors for wheezing in older ( 2 segmental bronchoprovocation and bronchoalveolar lavage. yr) children, and that rhinoviral infections provoke wheezing Segmental challenge with saline and antigen was performed predominantly in allergic patients. The relativ