c6 chemical synthesis – higher workbook answers.doc

C6 Chemical synthesis – Higher Workbook answers 1 a Crude oil b Examples from C2, e.g. ethene c Any kind of pesticide (see C3): insecticide, herbicide, fungicide d These products made with fine/speciality chemicals have much higher value than products from bulk chemicals. e Nitrogen N2, oxygen O2, hydrogen H2 f 10.4% 24.9% (100 – 10.4 – 37.7 – 27.0) 2 a Name of acidic compound Formula of acidic compound State of the pure compound at room temperature citric acid C6H8O7 solid tartaric acid C4H6O6 solid sulfuric acid H2SO4 liquid nitric acid H2NO3 liquid ethanoic acic CH3COOH liquid hydrogen chloride HCl gas b Name of alkaline compound Formula of alkaline compound State of the pure compound at room temperature sodium hydroxide NaOH solid potassium hydroxide KOH solid calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 solid c Pure water – pH 7 Dilute hydrochloric acid – pH 1 Dilute sodium hydroxide solution – pH 14 Vinegar – pH 3 Limewater – pH12 3 a acid + metal ( salt + hydrogen hydrochloric acid + magnesium ( magnesium chloride + hydrogen 2HCl(aq) + Mg(s) ( MgCl2(s) + H2(g) b acid + metal oxide ( salt + water nitric acid + copper oxide ( copper nitrate + water HNO3(aq) + CuO(s) ( Cu(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l) c acid + metal hydroxide ( salt + water sulfuric acid + sodium hydroxide ( sodium sulfate + water H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) ( Na2SO4(aq) + H2O(l) d acid + metal carbonate ( salt + carbon dioxide + water hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate ( calcium chloride + carbon dioxide + water 2HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) ( CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) 4 a Positive ions Negative ions Ion charge symbol Ion charge symbol lithium sodium potassium magnesium calcium barium aluminium 1+ 1+ 1+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 3+ Li+ Na+ K+ Mg2+ Ca2+ Ba2+ Al3+ chloride bromide iodide nitrate hydroxide oxide carbonate sulfate 1( 1( 1– 1( 1( 2( 2– 2– Cl– Br( I( NO3( OH( O2– CO32( SO42( b NaOH MgCO3 NaCl MgSO4 NaNO3 CaCO3 Na2CO3 CaCl2 KCl CaI2 MgBr2 Ca(NO3)2 MgO Al2O3 Mg(O