废料中有价金属离子铁、铜、镍浸出工艺研究 - 有色金属科学与工程.doc

废料中有价金属离子铁、铜、镍浸出工艺研究 李英a，熊道陵a,b，陈玉娟a，李金辉a，马智敏b，罗序燕a （江西理工大学,a.冶金与化学工程学院;b.资源与环境工程学院,江西 赣州 341000） 摘要：废料中一般含有多种有价金属离子。本文主要是对铁、铜、镍这三种金属离子进行浸出条件分析研究。通过分光光度法得出了铁、铜、镍离子的最佳波长，且在最佳波长处对这三种金属离子可能造成的干扰进行了研究，利用分光光度法测定废料中金属铁、铜、镍的含量。通过对废料中铁、铜、镍离子的浸出条件的研究，设定液固比、浸出温度、浸出时间、加酸量及浸出次数等因素进行实验，从而得出最佳的浸出条件，可使这三种金属离子的浸出率达到最佳。研究结果表明，在液固比为2：1，浸出温度为35℃，浸出时间为0.5h，加入硫酸量为0.5mL/克废料，在浸出2次的条件下，铁、铜、镍的浸出率分别为97.95%，99.97%，98.51%。 关键字：废料；浸出条件；分光光度法；干扰离子 Research on leaching technology of valuable metal ions iron, copper, nickel in waste LI Ying，XIONG Dao-ling，CHEN Yu-juan，LI Jin-hui，MA Zhi-min，LUO Xu-yan ( a.School of Chemical Engineering;b.School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China) Abstract: A number of values exist in wastes. The objective of this paper is to determine the leaching conditions of iron, copper, nickel ions. The optimal wavelengthes of iron, copper and nickel cations and their contens in waste are measured by spectrophometer process, the potential interference factors at the best wavelengthes having been taken into consideration. Several factors were designed,such as liquid-solid ratio,leaching temperature, leaching time, amount of sulfuric acid addition and leaching time,and we did the experiment to finding a best leaching condition, so that the extraction rate reached the highest of the three kinds of metal ion.. The results of this study show that about 97.95% of iron, 99.97% of copper and 98.51% of nickel originally contained in the scrap material were successfully leached under the condition of liquid-solid ratio for 2:1, leaching temperature of 35 ℃, leaching time of 0.5 h, the amount of sulfuric acid for 0.5mL/g of waste, in the leaching 2 times. Key words: scrap material; leaching condition; spectrophometer ; interference ions 1．前言 基于我国资源现状，一些矿物资源——如铁、铜、镍仍不能完全满足于人们的需要[1]。将废料中的有价金属离子回利用收也是缓解这一问题的关键[2]。在一些矿石的开采、冶炼、电镀、皮革鞣制、印染等行业，每天排放出大量的污水及废料，这些废料若长期堆放，很容易使一些重金属渗入土壤及水体中，不仅会污染我们生存的环境，还会对人与动植物的生命造成威胁[3]。 一