材料简答题（Material short answer）.docVIP

材料简答题（Material short answer） Elastic deformation, plastic deformation and the universality of fracture Answer: (1) when the objects are little external force and deformation in the start stage, if the removal of external force, the object of the deformation will disappear completely, and restore to the original state, the deformation is called elastic deformation. (2) when the external force to remove again after a certain value, the object of part deformation cannot be completely disappear and be preserved, the material into the stage of plastic deformation, the deformation is called plastic deformation and residual deformation. When the plastic deformation occurs to a certain extent, cracks appear inside the material. Under the action of external forces the crack is expanded in some form and eventually leads to fracture. To sum up, for all engineering materials, the deformation and fracture is the universal law under the action of external forces. In the case of metal and other crystal materials, the process is composed of elastic deformation, plastic deformation and fracture. 2. According to the relationship between external stress and crack propagation, the crack propagation has three basic forms Answer: the open type, the normal stress is perpendicular to the crack extension surface, and the crack is expanded along the positive stress direction, along the crack surface. The open type, the shear stress is parallel to the crack surface and is perpendicular to the crack line, and the crack spreads along the crack surface. The type of the slit, the shear stress parallel to the crack surface, and parallel to the crack line, the crack slit the extension along the crack surface. 3. The role of glass A: the crystals are glued together to fill the interphase of the crystal and increase the density of the materials. Reduce the temperature and accelerate the sintering process; To prevent the transformation of crystals and to inhibit the growth of crystals; To obtain a ce