水的地质作用（The geological function of water）.docVIP

水的地质作用（The geological function of water） The geological function of water The cycle of water - the uninterrupted movement and interconversion of atmospheric water, surface water and ground water. Water circulation is divided into: The great cycle -- refers to the cycle of the whole earth, between the sea and the land. A small circle -- a cycle in a local area of the earth. 1. Geological functions of surface water The geological functions of surface water include: Erosion - the constant destruction of the original ground. Transportation - the action of the surface water to take away the broken pieces of material on the ground. Sedimentation - when the flow velocity of the local table water decreases, some matter cannot be transported and deposited. The geological function of the temporary flowing water (1) leaching and residual deposition (Qel) Underground leaching effect, atmospheric precipitation infiltration, the tiny particles near the surface and composition of soluble dissolve away, and to take away some of it is not easy and not easy to dissolve the loose material residues in the process of in situ. Eluvial layer - a loose, broken substance that remains in place. Results: the rocks near the surface gradually lose their integrity and compactness. Characteristics of the residual layer (Qel) : 1. Located below the surface of the earth, the bedrock weathering zone above, from the surface to the underground, the fragmentation degree is gradually weakened; 2. The material composition of the residual layer is basically the same as that of the underlying bedrock; 3. The thickness of the residual layer is related to the topography, precipitation and chemical composition of the water. 4. The residual layer has large porosity and high water content, but its mechanical properties are poor. (2) wash brush and slope layer (Qdl) Scrubbing action - the atmospheric precipitation will form a diffuse flow along the slope of the mountain slope before the gathering, and will cover