测绘小知识（Surveying and mapping）.docVIP

测绘小知识（Surveying and mapping） In modern social life, few people do not know the length unit rice. But where does the metric unit come from, and how does it relate to mapping? Little is known. As early as 1792, the French national assembly decided to establish a new unit of length associated with the earths ellipsoid meridian. To this end, from 1792 ~ 1797, the radian measurements were made, and the 1800 d rendell ellipsoid was calculated, taking a length of 4000 of its meridian length as a unit of length, which is called 1 meter. In 1872, at the world conference in Paris, a decision was made to create 31 prototype meters, each of which was numbered. In addition to the N0.6 as an international prototype, all other measures are based on the international prototype ruler, precision verification, length, distribution of national preservation, as the standard of unit length. Our country has not been joined by the international association of weights and measures. This kind of physical meter is defined as 1 meter is the distance between two carved lines at the temperature of the melting point of ice. The disadvantage is that it is difficult to reproduce and can be easily damaged. It changes slowly over time; The accuracy is not high enough, only 1 ~ 2 x 10-6; There are few countries that cannot meet the demands of most countries. Therefore, the physical rice should be replaced by natural rice. In 1960, the 11th international conference on measurement through the definition of light meters, m for the second time is defined as krypton - 86 atoms 2 p10 and 5 d5 level between transition radiation in vacuum medium wave 763.73 times 1650 to 1 m long. The contour of the krypton - 86 spectral line is slightly asymmetrical, and the precision of the light wave meter in the laboratory is 4 x 10-9. At the 17th international metrology conference in 1983, the definition of the third speed of light was adopted. 1 meter is the distance traveled in a vacuum of 299 792 458 seconds. The leng