超声波检测（Ultrasonic testing）.docVIP

超声波检测（Ultrasonic testing） Ultrasonic testing notes (UT) ultrasonic testing notes (UT) Ultrasonic detection is a way of detecting defects by using the physical properties of ultrasonic waves, reflection and attenuation. Compared with the X-ray detector, ultrasonic flaw detection with high sensitivity, fast detection speed, low cost, convenient operation, detection of large thickness, harmless to the human body and environment, especially for dangerous defects such as cracks, incomplete fusion and high detection sensitivity, etc. However, there are disadvantages such as indirect-viewing, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the operators level and experience and difficulties in archiving. In the exploration, it is often used with ray flaw detection to improve the reliability of the test results. Ultrasonic testing is mainly used to detect the internal defects of specimens. 1. Ultrasonic wave: sound wave with frequency greater than 20KHZ. Its a mechanical wave. The ultrasonic frequency commonly used in the detection is 0.5 ~ 10MHz, and 2 ~ 2.5mhz is recommended as the nominal frequency of weld inspection. Mechanical vibration: the motion of an object along a straight line or curve near a certain equilibrium position is called mechanical vibration. Amplitude A, period T, frequency f. . Fluctuation: the propagation of vibration is called fluctuation. C = lambda f 2. Type of wave: (1) longitudinal wave L: the direction of vibration is consistent with the direction of propagation. Air, liquid and solid can all transmit the longitudinal wave. (2) transverse wave S: wave that is perpendicular to the direction of vibration and propagation. It can only be spread in solid media. (3) surface wave R: waves propagated along the surface of the medium. It can only be spread on solid surfaces. (4) plate wave: waves propagated in thin plates thick with wavelength. It can only be spread in solid media. 3. Propagation speed of ultrasonic wave (in solid medium) (1) E: elastic transve