51-Organizing the elements - Environmental …：51组织要素环境….pptVIP

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2017-07-16 发布于江西
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51-Organizing the elements - Environmental …：51组织要素环境….ppt

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5.1-Organizing the elements: To find a way to organize the elements, scientist studied the elements and their properties. Dmitri Mendeleev was the first Russian chemist to design a way to organize the elements. In 1869, Mendeleev published the first periodic table of the elements. He arranged the elements in his P.T. in rows by increasing atomic mass. Characteristics of Mendeleev’s P.T. Elements are arranged in rows by increasing atomic masses. Each time, a new row is started when chemical properties of the elements repeated. Therefore elements in the same column had similar properties. Mendeleev left gaps in the list, and predicted that new elements would be discovered that would fill these gaps. He used each new element’s position in the P.T. to predict some of the properties of the elements. Mendeleev is often considered father of the P.T. The element “mendelevium” was named in his honor. Achievement drawback Drawback of mendeleev’s P.T.- It was difficult to find out accurate values of atomic masses of the elements, therefore some elements did not quite fit the pattern in Mendeleev’s P.T. according to increasing atomic masses. Achievement of mendeleev’s P.T.- In 1886, a new element germanium was discovered that is very similar to those predicted by Mendeleev. Then other two elements, gallium and scandium also discovered that closely matched Mendeleev’s prediction. Periodic law and modern P.T. As mendeleev’ P.T. was found defective as scientists learned more about the structure of atom, they improved Mendeleev’s table. The modern periodic table organizes elements by increasing atomic number. This new arrangement fixed the discrepancies with elements such as tellurium and Iodine in Mendeleev’s periodic table. Modern Periodic Law: The law that states that the repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic numbers of the elements. Modern Periodic table: Characteristics of modern P.T. Elements are arranged with increasin