英文写作学习资料：02作业修改.docVIP

作业： 标题: Assessment of the best gait parameter in relation to bone status in community-dwelling young-old and old-old women in Japan 背景： 骨质疏松（Osteoporosis）和骨折（fractures）已成为严重威胁老年人健康的因素之一。老龄化越严重的国家所受的影响越大。日本是世界上老龄化最严重的国家，因而该问题在日本尤为受重视。 体育运动（Physical exercise）是骨质疏松的首要预防措施。理由：1.可增加骨量的峰值，降低老年人的骨丢失；2.能够增加肌力、协调性、平衡力及灵活性，从而有益于预防跌倒。但值得注意的是，体育运动对骨质疏松既有有益的作用也有有害的作用。强度反倒能够导致骨质减少（osteopenia）。 活动能力（mobility）随着年龄增加势必下降，年龄越大，下降的速度越快。故而，老年人群被分为2个截然不同的阶段：前期高龄（young-old）和后期高龄（old-old）。但到目前为止，尚未见针对不同老龄阶段的最佳体育运动方式研究。 本研究： 研究人群：前期高龄，后期高龄 客观测量项目：骨健康（Y）：bone status 体育运动方式（X）：步行运动（老年人可行）方式包括普通速度步行、最大速度步行、日步数、跨越障碍物步行（obstacle-negotiating gait）、爬楼梯。 协变量（covariates）：体成分（body components）、握力（handgrip strength）、咬合功能（masticatory function）。 Assessment of the best gait parameter in relation to bone status in community-dwelling young-old and old-old women in Japan Osteoporosis and fractures are the factors that threaten the health of the elderly, which is increasingly serious in the country where the status of the population aging become more severe. This issue is extremely serious in Japan. Therefore, promoting bone health of the elderly has been given a priority for Japanese. For one thing, physical exercise is the first choice to prevent osteoporosis. Physical exercise can both enhance the peak bone mass and reduce the loss of the bone mass among the elderly. Similarly, physical exercise can raise the myodynamia, coordination, balance and flexibility which are the preventions of tumbling. But intense physical exercise can lead to osteopenia. Thus, the dose of physical exercise benefiting the most should be individualized. For another, mobility declines accelerately with age.It is well known that the aging is divided into two distinguished stages, young-old period and old-old period. With considering these facts , we hypothesize that the physical exercise contributing the best to bone health should be different between young-old and old-old elderly. Gait exercise is the fittest way for the elderly.