lesson17动词不定式二.doc

lesson 17 动词不定式（二） 第二节 动词不定式的用法一、 不定式结构作主语1. 不定式前置1) Derive ［A］ mineral resources from ［B］ sedimentary rock ［C］ is a ［D］ major modern industrial activity.2) in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time is realy a hard nut. ［A］ To make high scores［B］ To make low goal［C］ To the high scores［D］ Make the low goals2. 上述形式一般情况不多见，作为考试的规范英语，如果不定式较长，显得头重脚轻，则可由代词“it”作形式主语(形式主语“it”不能由“that”或“this”等其他代词代替)，而将不定式放到后面It is really a hard nut to get high scores in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time.3) John admitted that its always difficult .［A］ for him being on time［B］ being on time for him［C］ for him to be on time［D］ on time for him4) It is difficult for me ［A］ to be concentrating ［B］ while someone ［C］ is using ［D］ a vacuum cleaner.3. 不定式后置的情况不仅限于动词是系动词，也适用于其他动词It took us a great deal of efforts to finish that task.It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago.4. 不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的，即不定式的逻辑主语，通常可以在特定的上下文中能看出，也可以通过带“for ＋名词短语”辨出It is quite important for us to read good books during the period of general review(总复习).It is not difficult for those who study maths well to pass the exam.5. 在某些形容词(如careless,clever,considerate, foolish, good, impolite, kind, naughty, nice, silly, stupid等)作表语时，不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语It is very kind of you to help me./It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing.间或也可用for ＋ there to be 表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to be)。Its a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.二、 不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式；另一种是“动词＋疑问词＋带to的不定式”1. 动词＋带to的不定式结构只能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有：afford, agree, aim, appear, arrange, ask, believe, care, claim, decide, decline(拒绝), demand, desire, determine, endeavor, expect, fail, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, manage, mean(想要), offer(表示愿意做…), pretend, promise, refuse, seek(试图), swear, undertake, wish(想要)等。5) We refuse that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults(银行保管库) of this nation.［A］ to believe ［B］ to be