bo原则（The principle of bo）.doc

bo原则（The principle of bo） Concept, principle and method of biological internal fixation (BO) 1 background Since the late 1950s, the internal fixation technique, which has been praised by AO School, has been the classic rule in the field of fracture treatment [1]. At the beginning of the establishment of AO, by summarizing predecessors experience, four principles of fracture treatment were proposed [2]: Shan anatomical reduction, Shan strong fixation, Shan non-invasive operation and Shan early painless activity. The core aim is to eliminate the local fretting of the fracture and to achieve the A-stage healing of the boneless callus through the compression fixation of the fracture end and the reconstruction of the anatomical structure. If bony callus occurs at the end of the bone, it is generally considered a sign of instability and should be avoided as far as possible. In the process of fracture healing, strong fixation can make the joint muscles full, active, painless activities as early as possible, without resorting to any external fixation, to prevent the occurrence of fracture disease. After more than 40 years of development and popularization, AO Technology has formed a complete system of theory, principle, method and equipment, and has become one of the classic methods in the field of fracture treatment today. However, the development of anything has two positive and negative aspects, in recent years, with the application of AO technology is increasingly extensive, its drawbacks are increasingly prominent. Complications such as postoperative bone nonunion, infection, fixed segment osteoporosis, and fixation of the posterior fracture were observed [1]. It is particularly ironic that the AO principle, although it also contains the content of non-invasive operation, but in order to achieve a strong fixation and anatomical reduction of the purpose, often with serious damage to the blood supply for the price, noninvasive operation is virtually impossible. In view