LED培训手册（LED training manual）.docVIP

LED培训手册（LED training manual） L E D training manual Summary of the LED LED is short for Light Emitting in English, a semiconductor light-emitting device with two electrodes that can flow through small amounts of current and emit visible Light. The first commercial Diode was produced in 1960. Its basic structure is an electroluminescent semiconductor materials, placed on a wire rack, then sealed with epoxy resin around, protect the internal core, so the LED of the seismic performance is good. The composition of the LED ? Leds vary in color and their chemical composition is different: ? Red: indium-indium-indium-gallium phosphite ? Green and blue: indium-gallium - nitride ? White and other colors are mixed in an appropriate proportion of RGB three base colors. The manufacturing process of leds is similar to that of semiconductors, but the precision of processing is not as high as that of semiconductors. LED principle and structure diagram 发光二极管的核心部分是由p型半导体(P型半导体 英文名称：P-type semiconductor 定义：流动的空穴密度超过导电的电子密度的非本征半导体)和n型半导(N型半导体 英文名称：N-type semiconductor 定义：导电的电子密度超过流动的空穴密度的非本征半导体体组成的晶片)，在p型半导体和n型半导体之间有一个过渡层，称为p-n结(【p－n结】在一块半导体中，掺入施主杂质(以硅为例，在高纯硅的一端掺入一点点硼、铝、镓等杂质就是p型半导体。在另一端掺入一点点磷、砷、锑等杂质就是n型半导体），使其中一部分成为n型半导体。其余部分掺入受主杂质而成为p型半导体， 单纯的片p型或n型半导体，仅仅是导电能力增强了，但还不具备半导体器件所要求的各种特性。如果在一块n型（或p型）半导体上在制成一层p型(或n型)半导体，于是在p型半导体和n型半导体的交界处就会形成一个pn结。 当p型半导体和n型半导体“结合”在一起时，由于p型半导体的空穴浓的高，自由电子的浓度低；而n型半导体的自由电子浓度高，空穴浓度低，所以交界面两侧的载流子在浓度上形成了很大的差别。这是就在交界面附近产生了多数载流子的扩散运动。所谓扩散运动，就是载流子由浓度高的地方向浓度低的地方运动，即p区的多数载流子（空穴）向n区扩散，同时n区的多数载流子（电子）向p区扩散。随着扩散运动的进行，在p区和n区的交界面p区一侧出现一层带负电的粒子区（这是不能移动的电荷）；而在叫界面n区一侧出现一层带正电的粒子区。这样，在交界·面的两侧就形成了一个空间电荷区。 　　p型区一边带负电荷的离子，n型区一边带正电荷的离子，因而在结中形成了很强的局部电场，方向由n区指向p区。当结上加正向电压（即p区加电源正极，n区加电源负极）时，这电场减弱， The holes in the electron and p areas in the n area are easy to pass, thus the current is larger. When the applied voltage is opposite, the electric field is enhanced, and only a few holes in the original n area and a few electrons in the p area can pass through, so the current is very small.