第三讲正交.pptVIP

斜方晶系： 光性方位：？ 消光类型：大多数切面平行消光，只有同时斜切三个主轴的切面可能出现斜消光 单斜晶系： 光性方位：？ 消光类型：不同切面有不同的消光类型 X Nm Ng’ Y Z Z X Ng Np ∥（010） Nm Np’ Y X ∥（001） ∥（100） 以角闪石为例 Y=Nm Z Ng Np 三斜晶系： 光性方位：？ 消光类型：绝大多数切面均为斜消光 消光角测定: 消光角是结晶轴或晶面与光率体椭圆半径的夹角 主要用来鉴定单斜与三斜晶系的矿物 具体步骤如下： P P A A P P A A P P Ng’ Np’ 石膏试板 选择符合条件的矿片，使解理平行十字丝纵丝，记录物台读数X1 转物台至矿物消光位，记读数X2，消光角=X1-X2 转物台45度，用试板确定轴名 据解理的性质，判断其代表的结晶学方向，正确表达消光角。 Y=Nm Z Ng Np 例如，对于角闪石来说，图中解理缝方向为结晶轴Z轴，则消光角为： Ng∧Z= 5.延性符号的测定 非均质体矿片有正、负延性之分 正延性：长条状矿物切面中矿物的延长方向与光率体长半径平行或夹角小于45度 负延性：长条状矿物切面中矿物的延长方向与光率体短半径平行或夹角小于45度 斜消光切面，测量方法与消光角的测量方法基本一致 平行消光切面，只需测定延长方向的椭圆半径名称即可 6.双晶的观察 在正交偏光镜下，具双晶的矿物表现为双晶的单体不同时消光。 两单体的结合面表现为一条细线，称双晶缝 据双晶单体的数目分简单双晶和复合双晶 Exceptions to Normal Extinction Patterns Different portions of the same grain may go extinct at different times, i.e. they have different extinction angles. This may be caused by chemical zonation or strain. Chemical zonation The optical properties of a mineral vary with the chemical composition resulting in varying extinction directions for a mineral. Such minerals are said to be zoned.e.g. plagioclase, olivine Strain During deformation some grains become bent, resulting in different portions of the same grain having different orientations, therefore they go extinct at different times.e.g. quartz, plagioclase 干涉-INTERFERENCE PHENOMENA PHASE AND INTERFERENCE Before going on to examine how light inteacts with minerals we must define one term: RETARDATION - (delta) represents the distance that one ray lags behind another. Retardation is measured in nanometres, 1nm = 10-7cm, or the number of wavelengths by which a wave lags behind another light wave. The relationship between rays travelling along the same path and the interference between the rays is illustrated in the following three figures. ? If retardation is a whole number (i.e., 0, 1, 2, 3, etc.) of wavelengths.The two waves, A and B, are IN PHASE, and they constructively interfere with each other. The resultant wave (R) is the sum of wav