干细胞治疗感音神经性耳聋.PDFVIP

第21卷 第2期 生命科学 Vol. 21, No. 2 2009年4月 Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences Apr., 2009 文章编号 ：1004-0374(2009)02-0222-04 干细胞治疗感音神经性耳聋 * 李华伟 ，王正敏 (复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院，复旦大学生物医学研究院，上海200032) 摘　要：治疗内耳疾病的主要困难之一是找到耳蜗毛细胞或者螺旋神经元丢失所导致的听力损失的治疗 方法。本文讨论使用干细胞替代感觉细胞丢失为目的的几个治疗策略。作者最近在成年内耳中发现了可 以分化为毛细胞的干细胞，发现了胚胎干细胞可在体外转化为毛细胞并表达毛细胞标记物。在动物模型 中，成年内耳干细胞、神经干细胞和胚胎干细胞来源的前体细胞可分化成为毛细胞和神经细胞。本文 将讨论使用干细胞再生损伤毛细胞的不同方法，介绍几种可行的动物模型，并讨论发展基于干细胞的细 胞替代疗法治疗内耳损伤中存在的困难。 关键词 ：内耳；干细胞；毛细胞；耳聋；听觉 中图分类号：R764.431; Q813　　文献标识码：A Stem cells in therapy for hearing loss LI Hua-wei*, WANG Zheng-min (Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan University, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China) Abstract: One of the greastest challenges in treatment of inner ear disorders is to find a cure for hearing impairment that is caused by loss of cochlear hair cells or spiral ganglion neurons. Here we discuss different starting points for the development of therapeutic strategies with focus on using stem cells to replace lost sensory cells. We have recently identified stem cells in the adult inner ear that gave rise to hair cells and we have shown that embryonic stem cells can be converted to cells that express hair cell markers in vitro. In animal models, hair cells and neural cell types can be generated by transplantation of progenitor cells derived from adult inner ear and neural stem cells as well as from embryonic stem cells. We discuss different approaches toward using stem cells to regenerate the damaged inner ear, we introduce potential