机化合物命名-2.pptVIP

12. 羧酸Carboxylic acids Systematic name: Replace the final letter “e” in the name of the hydrocarbon with “-(o)ic acid” or “carboxylic acid”. 系统命名法：去掉烷烃名字的最后一个字母”e”，加上后缀 “-(o)ic acid” 或者 “carboxylic acid”. * 12.羧酸Carboxylic acids 3-butynoic acid butanoic acid butyric acid 2-isohexenoic acid * 12.羧酸Carboxylic acids 2-chlorocyclopentane-1- carboxylic acid (Z)-4,4-dichloro-2-pentenoic acid 2-ethyl-4-(carboxymethyl) hexanedioic acid * 12.羧酸Carboxylic acids Some trivial names for acids with low molecular weight: formic acid acetic acid propionic acid butyric acid valeric acid maleic acid (马来酸, 顺丁烯二酸) fumaric acid (富马酸, 反丁烯二酸) * 13. 酰胺 Amides Systematic name：Omit the final letter “e” in the name of alkane, and then add the suffix “amide” or carboxyamide to the end of the name. 系统命名法：去掉烷烃名字的最后一个字母”e”，加上后缀 “amide” 或者 “carboxyamide”. * 13.酰胺 Amides ? Trivial names for amides containing C1~C5 carbon atoms: formamide acetamide propionamide butyramide valeramide * 13.酰胺 Amides N,N-dimethylformamide * butanamide N-ethyl-4-methyl- 2,5-hexadienamide cyclopropanecarboxyamide 13.酰胺 Amides * 13.酰胺 Amides N,N-dimethylbenamide p-acetamidobenzoic acid * 14. 酯Ester Systematic name：Omit the final letter “e” in the name of alkane, and then add the suffix “(o)ate” or “carboxylate” to the end of the name. 系统命名法：去掉烷烃名字的最后一个字母”e”， 加上后缀 “(o)ate” 或者 “carboxyate”. * 14.酯Ester Ethyl butanoate isopropyl benzoate * ethyl cyclopentanecarboxylate cyclopentyl 4-methylpentanoate (2-methylbutyl) -3-methyl cyclohexanecarboxylate 14.酯Ester * 15.羧酸盐The salts of acids /Carboxylate salts Systematic name：The name of cation + alkan + “-(o)ate” or “carboxylate”. potassium isohexanoate sodium acetate lithium cyclopentanecarboxylate * 15.羧酸盐The salts of acids /Carboxylate salts * 16. 酸酐Carboxylic anhydrides Systematic name：The name(s) of the Alkane + “(o)ic” anhydride butyric propionic anhydride butanoic propan