砂壤质潮土定位试验 30 年的肥效演变.PDFVIP

安徽农业大学学报, 2012, 39(6): 950-954 Journal of Anhui Agricultural University 网络出版时间：2012-10-26 14:57:07 [URL] /kcms/detail/34.1162.S1457.012.html 砂壤质潮土定位试验 30 年的肥效演变 张爱君，李洪民，唐忠厚，魏 猛，史新敏，陈晓光 (江苏省徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所/ 中国农业科学院甘薯研究所，徐州 221121) 摘 要：利用建立于 1980 年的砂壤质潮土肥料长期定位试验，对 30 年的肥效演变进行了研究与分析。结果表 明，长期不同施肥处理，小麦、玉米历年产量顺序基本趋势为NPK ＞NP ＞N ＞CK；有机肥与化肥配合，作物产量 大幅度提高，均高于相对应的化肥，且稳产性好。单施化肥前 3 年，氮肥养分效率明显，磷、钾肥效果不明显，3 年后氮效下降，而磷、钾效上升；磷肥连续施用有明显的残效迭加效应，比一次足量施用具有更好的增产效果，且 小麦的磷肥肥效高于玉米；砂壤质潮土增施钾肥有明显和稳定的增产效果，配施有机肥后肥效明显下降。有机肥与 化肥配合，有机肥肥效随 N 、P 、K 配合比例的增加而降低，有机肥长期施用有明显的后效。养分供应不协调会引 起作物缺素而严重影响生长发育，以致减产。 关键词：砂壤质潮土；定位试验；肥效演变 中图分类号：S158.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672−352X (2012)06−0950−05 Analysis of fertilizer application efficiency with stationary experiments for 30 years in sand loamy fluvo-aquic soil ZHANG Ai-Jun, LI Hong-min, TANG Zhong-hou, WEI Meng, SHI Xin-min, CHEN Xiao-guang (Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District in Jiangsu /Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Xuzhou 221121) Abstract: The changes of fertilizer application efficiency with 30 years of stationary experiments in sand loamy fluvo-aquic soil which began in 1980 were analyzed, and the results are as follows. With long-term application of different fertilizers, the yield order of wheat and maize was basically NPK NP N CK; crop yields in soil with combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers were higher than those only applied with chemical fertilizer. In the first three years only applied with chemical fertilizers, the effect of N fertilizer on yield was obvious, while the eff