交通运输与物流专业英语(unite4)中英文.docxVIP

Unite Four Transportation Planning StudyText A Transportation planning studiesTransportation planning studies are conducted to gather information for transportation modeling efforts or to evaluate the potential impacts of specific programs and projects. The data needed for these studies usually includes information about population and economic activity, travel characteristics, and transportation facilities. The data are often organized and analyzed to identify the scale of present system inadequacies, provide basis to forecast future land use and travel, to derive population, land use, and travel relationships, and calibrate travel demand models.交通规划调查是为搜集信息以便建立运输模型，评价某一具体项目和计划可能产生的潜在影响。调查数据包括人口、经济活动、出行特征、以及交通方式等信息，通过对这些数据进行整理分析找出当前系统的不足，为预测将来土地使用和出行状况提供依据，提取人口、土地使用和出行关系等数据，并修正出行需求模型。The data needed for a study vary according to the scope and nature of the planning activities, cost of data collection, and so on. Generally, the transportation planning process requires that data from a wide variety of sources be complied, organized, and analyzed. Data collection contains most of the major operational surveys, including volume, transit, goods movement studies and inventories of land use, traffic control, and geometric characteristics and so on.一般而言，调查所需的数据根据规划规模、性质以及调查成本而定，交通规划过程要求这些来源广泛的数据需要符合要求以用于整理分析。数据搜集过程是实际调查的主要部分，包括了流量、公共交通工具和货物移动调查，以及土地使用清单、交通控制、地理特征等。Planning may be categorized into three general time horizons: short, medium, and long term. Short-term planning activities focus on selected projects that can be implemented within a period of 1 to 3 years. The short-term planning process includes system monitoring (collection of performance data), identification of system deficiencies, formulation of goals and objectives; identification of strategies, development of performance criteria, evaluation of strategies, and ranking of a list of recommended projects designed to provide better management of existing facilities by making them more efficient. Examples of p