Absorption of EM radiation - Michigan …（吸收电磁辐射u2014u2014密歇根u2026）.pdfVIP

Absorption of EM radiation Molecular absorption processes ~10-18 J •  Electronic transitions •  UV and visible wavelengths •  Molecular vibrations Increasing energy •  Thermal infrared wavelengths •  Molecular rotations •  Microwave and far-IR wavelengths ~10-23 J •  Each of these processes is quantized •  Translational kinetic energy of molecules is unquantized Absorption spectra of molecules Hypothetical molecule with three allowed energy levels Note relationship to emission! ν = ΔE /h ij ij (a)  allowed transitions (b)  positions of the absorption lines in the spectrum of the molecule •  Line positions are determined by the energy changes of allowed transitions •  Line strengths are determined by the fraction of molecules that are in a particular initial state required for a transition •  Multiple degenerate transitions with the same energy may combine Fluorescence •  Fluorescent lighting exploits this phenomenon: certain phosphors emit visible light when bombarded with UV light. Much more efficient than incandescent lighting. •  Also whitening agents in detergents... Interaction of radiation with matter Wavelength •  If there are no available quantized energy levels matching the qu