Acceptance Sampling - College of Business验收抽样u2014u2014商业学院.pptVIP

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Acceptance Sampling - College of Business验收抽样u2014u2014商业学院.ppt

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Acceptance Sampling - College of Business验收抽样u2014u2014商业学院

Acceptance Sampling Acceptance sampling is a method used to accept or reject product based on a random sample of the product. The purpose of acceptance sampling is to sentence lots (accept or reject) rather than to estimate the quality of a lot. Acceptance sampling plans do not improve quality. The nature of sampling is such that acceptance sampling will accept some lots and reject others even though they are of the same quality. The most effective use of acceptance sampling is as an auditing tool to help ensure that the output of a process meets requirements. As mentioned acceptance sampling can reject “good” lots and accept “bad” lots. More formally: Producers risk refers to the probability of rejecting a good lot. In order to calculate this probability there must be a numerical definition as to what constitutes “good” AQL (Acceptable Quality Level) - the numerical definition of a good lot. The ANSI/ASQC standard describes AQL as “the maximum percentage or proportion of nonconforming items or number of nonconformities in a batch that can be considered satisfactory as a process average” Consumers Risk refers to the probability of accepting a bad lot where: LTPD (Lot Tolerance Percent Defective) - the numerical definition of a bad lot described by the ANSI/ASQC standard as “the percentage or proportion of nonconforming items or noncomformities in a batch for which the customer wishes the probability of acceptance to be a specified low value. The Operating Characteristic Curve is typically used to represent the four parameters (Producers Risk, Consumers Risk, AQL and LTPD) of the sampling plan as shown below where the P on the x axis represents the percent defective in the lot: Note: if the sample is less than 20 units the binomial distribution is used to build the OC Curve otherwise the Poisson distribution is used. Designing Sampling Plans Operationally, three values need to be determined before a sampling plan can be implemented (for single sampling p