Aircraft Ground Icing - NTSB Home（飞机地面结冰,NTSB回家）.pdfVIP

Aircraft Ground Icing Pilots urged to beware of aircraft upper wing surface ice accumulation before takeoff The problem: • Fine particles of frost or ice, the size of a grain of table salt and distributed as sparsely as one per square centimeter over an airplane wing’s upper surface, can destroy enough lift to prevent a plane from taking off. • Virtually imperceptible amounts of ice on an aircraft wing’s upper surface during takeoff can result in significant performance degradation. • Small, almost imperceptible amounts of ice distributed on an airplane’s wing upper surface cause the same aerodynamic penalties as much larger (and more visible) ice accumulations. ƒ Small, almost imperceptible accumulations • Small patches of ice or frost can result in localized, asymmetrical stalls on the wing, which can result in roll control problems during liftoff. • It is nearly impossible to determine by visual observation alone whether a wing is wet or has a thin film of ice. A very thin film of ice or frost will degrade the aerodynamic performance of any airplane. • Ice accumulation on the wing upper surface may be very difficult to detect from the cockpit, cabin, or front and back of the wing because it is clear/white. • Accident history shows that nonslatted, turbojet, transport-category airplanes have been involved in a disproportionate number of takeoff accidents where undetected upper wing ice contamination has been cited as the probable