祁连山鸡类物种多样性及其成因-生态学报.PDF

第 35 卷第 20 期 生 态 学 报 Vol.35,No.20 2015年10月 ACTA ECOLOGICA SINICA Oct.,2015 DOI:10.5846/ stxb201403300596 文陇英.祁连山鸡类物种多样性及其成因.生态学报,2015,35(20):6769鄄6773. Wen L Y.Diversity and evolutionary origins of Gallinaceans in the Qilian Mountains.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(20):6769鄄6773. 祁连山鸡类物种多样性及其成因 文陇英* 西南山地濒危鸟类保护重点实验室,乐山师范学院生命科学学院,乐山摇 614000 摘要:青藏高原祁连山孕育了丰富的鸡类物种多样性,有2科 11种5个亚种,是我国鸡类分布中心之一,也是珍稀特有物种分 布中心之一。 祁连山鸡类多样性的成因主要有以下几方面:悠长的进化时间产生新的分类阶元;残存分布和迁入定居丰富了祁 连山鸡类多样性;环境空间异质性,为不同生境要求的鸡类提供了适宜生境和可利用的生态位,以及鸡类生态位分化维持了祁 连山鸡类的多样性;已建自然保护区为祁连山鸡类多样性提供了良好保护。 关键词:祁连山;鸡类;物种多样性;残存分布;迁入定居;环境空间异质性 Diversity and evolutionary origins of Gallinaceans in the Qilian Mountains WEN Longying* Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities in Sichuan Provincefor Protecting Endangered Birds in the Southwest Mountains,Department of Life Sciences, Leshan Normal University,Leshan 614000,China Abstract:The Qilian Mountainsare situated onthenortheastern edgeof the Qinghai鄄Tibet Plateau and arehometo diverse rareandendemicgallinaceanbirdspecies.Theseincludeelevenspeciesandfivesubspeciesof gallinaceansbelongingtotwo families;nine of these species are polytypic in the Qilian Mountains. This diversity arose from speciation events,in part because the Qilian Mountains have experienced several ice ages. Over time,the size of the glaciers decreased until almost no valley glacier was present,leading to allopatric speciation due to spatial and temporal separation. Furthermore,the Qilian Mountains have served as a refuge for some birds during the Pleistocene glaciations, which also led to the differentiation of subspecies due to isolation. For example, the chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar), Tibetan partridge (Perdix hodgsoniae),blood pheasant (Ithaginis cruentus),and common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) each have two subspecies i