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an introduction to circular dichroism spectroscopy(介绍了圆二色性光谱)
An introduction to circular dichroism spectroscopy
Circular dichroism (CD) is the difference in the absorption of left‐handed circularly polarised
light (L‐CPL) and right‐handed circularly polarised light (R‐CPL) and occurs when a molecule
contains one or more chiral chromophores (light‐absorbing groups).
Circular dichroism = ΔA(λ) = A(λ)LCPL ‐ A(λ)RCPL, where λ is the wavelength
Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique where the CD of molecules is
measured over a range of wavelengths. CD spectroscopy is used extensively to study chiral
molecules of all types and sizes, but it is in the study of large biological molecules where it
finds its most important applications. A primary use is in analysing the secondary structure or
conformation of macromolecules, particularly proteins as secondary structure is sensitive to its
environment, temperature or pH, circular dichroism can be used to observe how secondary
structure changes with environmental conditions or on interaction with other molecules.
Structural, kinetic and thermodynamic information about macromolecules can be derived from
circular dichroism spectroscopy.
Measurements carried out in the visible and ultra‐violet region of the electro‐magnetic
spectrum monitor electronic transitions, and, if the molecule under study contains chiral
chromophores then one CPL state will be absorbed to a greater extent than the other and the
CD signal over the corresponding wavelengths will be non‐zero. A circular dichroism signal can
be positive or negative, depending on whether L‐CPL is absorbed to a greater extent than R‐
CPL (CD signal positive) or to a lesser extent (CD signal negative). An example circular
dichroism spectrum of a sample with multiple CD peaks is shown below, demonstrating how
CD varies as a function of wavelength, and that a CD spectrum may exhibit both positive and
negative peaks.
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