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and athletic performance - university of …(大学和运动性能-u2026)
Muscle,
Genes
and Athletic Performance
The cellular biology of muscle helps to explain why a particular athlete wins
and suggests what future athletes might do to better their odds
by Jesper L. Andersen, Peter Schjerling
and Bengt Saltin
Copyright 2000 Scientific American, Inc.
n your marks!” A but decades of research have built up a tion a sarcomere shortens like a collaps-
hush falls as 60,000 reasonably complete picture of how ing telescope, as the actin filaments at
pairs of eyes are fixed muscles respond to athletic training. each end of a central myosin filament
on eight of the fastest What most people think of as a mus- slide toward the myosin’s center.
men on earth. The cle is actually a bundle of cells, also One component of the myosin mole-
date is August 22, known as fibers, kept together by colla- cule, the so-called heavy chain, deter-
O
1999, and the run- gen tissue [see illustration on pages 50 mines the functional characteristics of
ners are crouched at the starting line of and 51]. A single fiber of skeletal muscle the muscle fiber. In an adult, this heavy
the 100-meter final at the track-and-field consists of a membrane, many scattered chain exists in three different varieties,
world championships in Seville, Spain. nuclei that contain the genes and lie just known as isoforms. These isoforms are
“Get set!” The
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