article growth and development of male …（增长和发展条男u2026）.pdf

ARTICLE Growth and Development of Male External Genitalia A Cross-sectional Study of 6200 Males Aged 0 to 19 Years Analia Tomova, MD, PhD; Fnu Deepinder, MD; Ralitsa Robeva, MD; Hristina Lalabonova, MD, PhD; Philip Kumanov, MD, PhD; Ashok Agarwal, PhD, HCLD Objective: To provide estimates of normal variations and penile circumference (measuring tape) from birth in penile measurements and testicular volumes, and to to 19 years of age. establish reference ranges for clinical use. Results: Testes did not show any increase in size until the onset of puberty at age 11 years, whereas penile growth Design: Cross-sectional, population-based study. was gradual after birth. However, both penile and testicu- Setting: Schools, kindergartens, and child care centers lar development demonstrated peak growth from 12 to 16 in different parts of Bulgaria. years of age, which coincided with the maximal male pu- bertal growth spurt. Data indicate an earlier pubertal de- Participants: A population of 6200 clinically healthy velopment for this study population than that for a simi- white males aged 0 to 19 years. lar population several decades ago. Significant differences betweenurbanandruralpopulationsregardingpenilelength Interventions: The study physician chose schools, were also noticed. kindergartens, and child care centers randomly and Conclusions: Our study provides the contemporary ref- examined children at random