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建筑专业英语作业
建筑专业英语翻译
姓名 何雯 学号 0706110417
原文
The Nature of Planning—Conflict and Disputes
Land use planning is a process concerned with the determination of land uses, the general objectives of which are set out in legislation or in some document of legal or accepted standing. The nature of this process will depend in part on the objectives which it is to serve. The broad objective of the UK system is to regulate the development and use of land in the public interest.
Politics, conflict, and dispute are at the centre of land use planning. Conflict arises because of the competing demands for the use of land, because of the externality effects that arise when the use of land changes, and because of the uneven distribution of costs and benefits which results from development. If there were no conflicts, there would be no need for planning. Indeed, planning might usefully be defined as the process by which government resolves disputes about land use.
Alternative arise at every level of planning?from the highest (supranational) level to the lowest (site) level. The planning system is the machinery by which these levels of choice are managed?from plan-making to development control. Though planning systems vary among countries, they can all be analyzed in these terms. The processes involved encompass the determination of objectives, policy-making, consultation and participation, formal dispute resolution, development control, implementation, and the evaluation of outcomes.
The explicit function of the processes is to ensure that a wide variety of interests at stake are considered and that outcomes are in the general “public interest”. In reality there are very many interests that might be served. Four main groups of participants are politicians serving various levels of government, the development industry, landowners, and “the public”. The latter is a highly diverse group which is achieving an increased role (not always meaningfully) by way of pressure group and public involvement.
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