外科1.2（Surgery 1.2）.doc

外科1.2（Surgery 1.2） Surgical nursing assignment one answer A brief answer: 1, briefly pay attention to potassium supplement. Answer: potassium vein compliance requirements, should pay attention to speed, concentration and dosage (1) and normal urine: intravenous potassium before renal function, because of poor renal function can affect potassium eduction, daily urine volume must be greater than 600ml, the amount of urine per hour or more than 30ml, in order to ensure potassium safety vein. (2) the concentration is not high: the concentration of potassium in the venous transfusion is not more than 0.3%, and the intravenous infusion of potassium chloride is forbidden, so as to avoid sudden increase of blood potassium and lead to cardiac arrest. (3) do not speed fast: adult intravenous infusion speed is not more than 60 drops per minute. (4) total amount of restrictions, strict monitoring: regular monitoring of potassium concentration, and promptly adjust the daily amount of potassium supplement, general fasting patients, the daily amount of potassium is 2 ~ 3G, severe potassium deficiency 24 hours, potassium supplementation should not exceed 6 ~ 8g. 2. Describe the causes of gastrointestinal reactions in patients with enteral nutrition. Answer: the clinical findings on gastrointestinal nutrition complication can be divided into five aspects: gastrointestinal complications: nausea, vomiting and diarrhea; the metabolic complications: input too much water, dehydration, nonketotic hyperosmolar hyperglycemia, water, electrolytes and trace elements of the abnormal, the abnormal liver function; infectious complications: aspiration pneumonia (prevention and treatment), nutrient fluid and infusion equipment pipeline pollution; the psychological complications: anxiety, negative attitude; the mechanical complications: nutrition tube, pump accident. 3, the parenteral nutrition patients with hyperosmolar nonketotic coma causes and treatment. Answer: infusion of care, hyperosmolar c