外科学复习大纲（Review of surgery）.doc

外科学复习大纲（Review of surgery） General surgery 1. aseptic technique is a series of preventive measures for microorganisms and infection routes, including sterilization, disinfection, operation rules and management systems. Sterilization is the killing of all living microorganisms. Commonly used sterilization methods include High pressure steam sterilization: This is the most common and reliable method of sterilization for surgical articles. High pressure steam sterilizer can be divided into two categories: lower exhaust type and vacuum type. High pressure steam sterilization is usually used for articles that can withstand high temperature, such as metal appliances, glass, enamel, dressing, rubber, medicine and so on; Boiling sterilization: boiling sterilizer is common. But the general pan wash away the grease, can also be used for boiling sterilization. This method is applicable to metal equipment, glass and rubber and other items, in the water boiled for 15 1000C supreme after 20 minutes, the general bacteria can be killed, but with spore bacteria need at least 1 hours to kill the boil; Burning method, used for emergency use of equipment. Disinfection methods include soaking and disinfection of liquid medicine and formaldehyde steam fumigation. Disinfection refers to the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms and other harmful microorganisms, but does not require the removal or killing of all microorganisms. Commonly used disinfection method: Liquid immersion disinfection method: sharp instruments, internal cavity mirror and other equipment is not suitable for thermal sterilization, chemical drugs can be soaked disinfectant. 1:1000 Bromogeramine solution, soaking for 30 minutes, disinfection is commonly used in the blade, scissors, needle. II. 70% alcohol, soak for 30 minutes, use the same as benzalkonium solution. 10% Formaldehyde Solution, soaking time is 30 minutes, suitable for ureteral catheter, plastic, plexiglass disinfection. 2% glutaraldehyde aqueous solutio